Views from the walls of the medieval citadel of Dubrovnik

This was not the case with Dubrovnik, because isolationism was not in the nature of this small city-state, which was a real republic and an open society. Its prosperity was due to the trade with most of the world and to its diplomacy. Some of its ships sailed so far as the New World or India, bringing with them the pride of a free small republic surrounded by empires, who was one of the first to abolish slavery and to have social institutions like schools and hospitals.

The trade model is probably the opposite of a fortress society, surrounded by walls. The Greeks were among the first to turn the trade model into a successful one, establishing hundreds of cities on all the shores they could reach, prospering from trade and helping local populations to turn from rural to urban. Most likely the Greeks themselves established Dubrovnik, known as Ragusa until the Slavs gained dominance. The first great period for the city on the shores of Adriatic must have been under the Christian Greeks, the Byzantines. Than, for centuries, like many former Yugoslav resorts and cities, Dubrovnik was under the Venetian influence. A beneficial influence that made cities like Budva, Trogir, Zadar and many others acquire an excellent taste in architecture.

The walls of Dubrovnik were built in half of millennium, in the 12 and 17 century. They have observation points towards see and land, canons and even a moat, that is now turned into a green area. For 10 euros, tourists can climb the stairs of the walls and than take a complete tour around the old town on the walls. In some portions, the walls are thick enough to accommodate vehicles, which is amusing when looking down over the very narrow streets below. A modern way to be even above the city walls would be to take the cable car, that climbs to the nearby mountain.

Napoleon Bonaparte ended the independence days of Dubrovnik with a sea blockade. After that, the city was part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, of the Yugoslav monarchy and republic, parting away together with Croatia in the early 1990s. Today Dubrovnik is once again under siege, but only by the large cruising ships who wouldn’t miss “the pearl of the Adriatic”.